Why "Functional Movements"?

Functional Movements are movements that are based on real worlds situations that recruit multiple muscle groups, use multiple joints and force them to work together to pull/push the load, they almost always require work from the bodies core muscles. So all of you looking for Abs, do functional movements and you will get them faster.

Curls, lateral raises, leg extensions, leg curls, flyes and other body building movements
have no place in a serious strength and conditioning program primarily because they have
a blunted neuroendocrine response. A distinctive feature of these relatively worthless
movements is that they have no functional analog in everyday life and they work only
one joint at a time. Compare this to the deadlift, clean, squat, and jerk which are functional
and multi-joint movements. - Greg Glassman

There is speculation on what the 9 fundemental movements of CrossFit are but as far as I am concerned, and if you asked me I would say that they are: Squat (Back), Front Squat, Overhead Squat, Deadlift, Clean, Jerk, Press, Snatch, Sumo Deadlift High Pull.
The Clean, Snatch, Press, Jerk include all variations i.e. Push, Split, Squat.


"Broad time and modal domains"...

There are Ten main domains:

1. Cardiovascular/respiratory endurance
- The ability of body systems to
gather, process, and deliver oxygen.

2. Stamina - The ability of body systems
to process, deliver, store, and
utilize energy.

3. Strength - The ability of a muscular
unit, or combination of muscular units,
to apply force.

4. Flexibility - the ability to maximize
the range of motion at a given joint.

5. Power - The ability of a muscular
unit, or combination of muscular units,
to apply maximum force in minimum
time.

6. Speed - The ability to minimize the
time cycle of a repeated movement.

7. Coordination - The ability to combine
several distinct movement patterns
into a singular distinct movement.

8. Agility - The ability to minimize
transition time from one movement
pattern to another.

9. Balance - The ability to control the
placement of the bodies center of
gravity in relation to its support base.

10. Accuracy - The ability to control
movement in a given direction or at a
given intensity.
- Greg Glassman

These all take time to develop but the time frame in which they are performed are different. Take strength and CV Endurance, these two are obviously trained differently, strength by sets of lifts, and CV endurance by doing long distance Metcon (Metabolic Conditioning)

Greg Glassman's Article Defining Fitness: What Is Fitness